Menopause can bring various physical and emotional changes, but thanks to recent treatment advances, many symptoms can be effectively managed. While hormone therapy remains a central treatment, newer non-hormonal therapies and other options are also gaining attention.
Hormone Therapy: The Classic Treatment
Hormone therapy (HT) has long been the go-to treatment for managing menopause symptoms, especially hot flashes and night sweats. However, earlier studies raised concerns about serious risks, including heart disease and cancer. A 2024 review revealed that hormone therapy is most effective and has fewer risks when started before age 60 and without contraindications. The key is a personalized approach that takes into account the individual’s health profile.
- Forms of hormone therapy include:
- Oral tablets
- Topical patches or gels
- Vaginal creams, tablets, or rings
For those with a uterus, a combination of estrogen and progestin is recommended to avoid endometrial cancer risks. In certain cases, bioidentical hormone therapy (plant-derived hormones) may also be an option, though the FDA has noted that their safety and effectiveness are still under review.
Non-Hormonal Treatments for Hot Flashes and Night Sweats
For those who prefer to avoid hormones, non-hormonal treatments are a promising option. Medications like fezolinetant (Veozah), a novel drug approved by the FDA in 2023, specifically target vasomotor symptoms, helping regulate body temperature to alleviate hot flashes. Additionally, certain antidepressants like paroxetine (Brisdelle) and gabapentin may also offer relief.
Managing Genitourinary Symptoms
Genitourinary symptoms, such as vaginal dryness and urinary urgency, are common during menopause. Hormonal treatments like vaginal estrogen or estradiol creams are effective, but non-hormonal options are also available.
- FDA-approved treatments for vaginal discomfort include:
- Ospemifene (Osphena): A daily oral medication for vaginal dryness and sexual discomfort.
- Prasterone (Intrarosa): A vaginal insert that helps relieve itching and dryness.
Addressing Hair Loss
Hair thinning or loss is another challenge for postmenopausal women. Studies suggest that minoxidil (Rogaine) combined with finasteride may help improve hair density and thickness, offering a non-hormonal solution to a common issue.
Additional Treatment Options
Other menopause symptoms, including mood swings, sleep disturbances, and bone loss, can also be managed effectively. Non-hormonal medications, lifestyle changes, and supplements are often part of the treatment plan.
The Takeaway
The latest advances in menopause treatments are providing a range of options to manage symptoms effectively. Whether through hormone therapy or non-hormonal treatments, there are now more choices than ever for those navigating this life transition. Always consult with a healthcare provider to determine the best course of treatment based on individual health needs and preferences.
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