Where Did the Controversy Start?

The claims originated from a report published by Moms Across America, an advocacy group known for publishing independent research. According to their tests, each type of Girl Scout Cookie contained traces of glyphosate (a common herbicide) and five heavy metals—aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury. Things escalated when popular podcaster Joe Rogan labeled the cookies “toxic” on his show. Shortly after, a class-action lawsuit was filed against the Girl Scouts and their licensed bakers.

How Reliable Is the Science?

A closer look at the report reveals significant limitations. First, the study was not peer-reviewed or published in a scientific journal. Only 25 cookies were tested, collected from just three U.S. states—a sample size far too small for meaningful conclusions. Moreover, the report compares the levels of toxins found in the cookies to standards for drinking water, even though the human body absorbs toxins from water more readily than from solid food. This kind of comparison can be misleading.

What Do Experts Say?

According to Dr. Katarzyna Kordas, associate professor of epidemiology and environmental health at the University at Buffalo, the findings don’t indicate an immediate threat. For example, the level of lead found in Peanut Butter Patties would require a child to eat about seven cookies a day to exceed the FDA’s recommended intake limit for lead. “Most children don’t eat that many cookies in a day,” she noted. Kordas emphasized that finding a substance in food does not automatically make it dangerous. “To go from ‘this is in the food’ to ‘this is harming people’ is a huge leap—we simply don’t have the data to say that,” she explained.

As for glyphosate, the EPA maintains that current exposure levels pose minimal risk to humans, and CDC data suggests that around 81% of Americans have traces of it in their bodies due to widespread use in agriculture. The amounts found in Girl Scout Cookies fall well within EPA safety limits.

What About Heavy Metals in Other Foods?

Here’s the reality: Heavy metals are everywhere. The FDA’s own found traces of them in store-bought cookies of all types—chocolate chip, sandwich, sugar, and more. That’s because metals like arsenic and lead occur naturally in soil, water, and air—which means they can end up in almost any plant-based food, organic or not. Even an organic carrot grown in clean soil can still contain small amounts of lead or cadmium. However, that doesn’t mean such foods are dangerous. Nutrients like fiber, iron, and calcium in food can reduce the body’s ability to absorb heavy metals.

Are Processed Foods the Problem?

The longer food takes to go from farm to fork, the greater the risk of contamination—from preservatives, packaging, and repeated processing. Many Girl Scout Cookies contain processed ingredients like wheat flour, cocoa, and vegetable oil, which themselves might have been processed multiple times. Each layer of processing adds a small amount of potential exposure. As Dr. Adam Simpson from the University of Southern California explains, “If you’re consuming food made up of other processed foods, you’re concentrating contaminants that build up over time.”

So, What’s the Solution?

The answer isn’t panic—it’s moderation. Dr. Kordas noted in her research that children who eat a balanced, varied diet do not have higher lead levels than others. Scary headlines rarely talk about how much of a food you’d need to eat to face any real health risk. As with most things in nutrition, the best approach is balance: enjoy treats like Girl Scout Cookies occasionally, not every day. As Dr. Simpson puts it, “You don’t have to say no—you can just say yes less often.”

Final Thoughts

While headlines about toxins in food can be scary, the science often paints a more nuanced picture. Before you swear off cookies forever, remember: eating responsibly and in moderation is usually all the protection you need.

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Published on April 6, 2025, in the study analyzed 102 randomized controlled trials, covering over 22,000 participants including 13,315 youth and 9,387 adults. The findings revealed slight increases in pulse, blood pressure, and ECG readings among individuals taking ADHD stimulants such as methylphenidate, bupropion, and lisdexamfetamine. Similar effects were noted for noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, while alpha agonists — another medication type — were associated with decreases in heart rate and blood pressure.

Despite these changes, researchers concluded that patient monitoring, which is already standard practice, allows for successful and safe outcomes.

Dr. Cheng-Han Chen, an interventional cardiologist and director at MemorialCare Saddleback Medical Center in California, emphasized that monitoring cardiovascular risk factors like family history of heart disease is critical before starting any ADHD treatment.

“As of now, this research says there is not a dramatic change in cardiovascular risks, but it’s something that probably should be tracked over the long term,” said Chen.

Dr. Anoop Singh, a general psychiatrist and regional medical director at Mindpath Health, echoed this sentiment. “This study basically extends previous findings and reinforces the importance of regular monitoring, especially of blood pressure and heart rate during treatment,” he told.

Balancing Heart Health with ADHD Treatment

The number of people diagnosed with ADHD has significantly increased over the past decade, as noted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Along with increased awareness has come growing concern and stigma around medications like Ritalin. However, when used appropriately, ADHD medications have been shown to significantly improve quality of life, reduce the risk of injuries, and even lower rates of substance use disorder.

Singh pointed out that “even over-the-counter medications like Sudafed can raise blood pressure,” underscoring that all treatments carry some level of risk. “What’s important is that in a clinical setting, those risks are mitigated by screening and follow-ups,” he added.

Dr. Chen noted that cardiologists screen patients for high blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes before prescribing ADHD medications. “We also recommend lifestyle changes — a heart-healthy diet, regular exercise, no smoking or drinking, and good sleep habits,” he said.

Long-Term Risks Still Need Study

One limitation of the study is its short duration — many of the trials followed patients for only 12 weeks, with none extending past 26 weeks. Dr. Singh called for more long-term studies, noting this is a common issue across many fields of medicine.

In a, Dr. Steven Pliszka recommended double-blind trials with more robust tracking, such as periodic hourly checks of cardiovascular indicators or using machine learning to analyze broader datasets.

While the average increases in heart-related metrics were small, the authors cautioned that certain individuals could experience higher spikes due to factors like genetic predispositions — stressing the importance of personalized monitoring.

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According to Harvard Health, the gut-brain connection plays a significant role in mental health, as the gut produces nearly 95% of the body’s serotonin — a key neurotransmitter involved in mood regulation.

What Did the Study Find?

The study involved 88 healthy adults, average age 22, with no history of obesity, excessive alcohol use, or drug use. Participants were divided into two groups: one received a multispecies probiotic supplement (including Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Lactococcus strains), and the other received a placebo, both over a 28-day period. While standard mental health questionnaires didn’t show major differences, daily mood tracking revealed that those taking probiotics experienced a significant reduction in negative mood starting around the two-week mark.

“By monitoring people daily… it gives us a much better resolution of changes over time,” said Dr. Katerina Johnson, lead author from the University of Oxford. Interestingly, while negative mood decreased in the probiotic group, positive mood remained unchanged in both groups, which researchers consider a positive outcome, as it suggests there was no emotional blunting.

If you want to better understand what probiotics are and how they function, Cleveland Clinic provides a helpful overview of their benefits for gut health.

Who Might Benefit Most?

Those with higher levels of risk aversion at the beginning of the study showed the greatest mood improvement. The researchers believe that daily self-monitoring helped capture emotional changes more effectively than traditional surveys. This may open the door for probiotics to be used as part of a personalized approach to mental well-being.

The full study methodology and findings can be accessed through npj Mental Health Research for those interested in the technical details.

A Complementary Strategy, Not a Cure

Experts emphasize that while the results are promising, probiotics are not a replacement for therapy or psychiatric medication. “Probiotics may play a supportive role,” said Dr. Christoph Thaiss of Stanford University, “but they are not a standalone solution.”

Dr. Lisa Durette, Chair of Psychiatry at the University of Nevada Las Vegas, added that holistic strategies like probiotics, nutrition, and exercise can be a valuable addition to traditional mental health treatments — as long as individuals are informed about potential risks and benefits.

For more advice on how to naturally support your mental wellness, the Mayo Clinic shares science-backed tips for improving emotional health through lifestyle changes.

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What Does This Mean for Patients?

The new rule, which took effect on March 19, 2025, follows the end of a shortage of GLP-1 medications like Ozempic, Zepbound, and Mounjaro, which have revolutionized weight loss treatments. As the shortage subsides, compounding pharmacies are being forced to stop producing versions of these drugs, leaving many patients who cannot afford the brand-name versions in a tough position.

The decision is aimed at eliminating potentially unsafe knockoffs. Compounded drugs are not FDA-approved, meaning they are not subjected to the same rigorous safety and quality checks as their branded counterparts. However, many patients have relied on these compounded versions because the brand-name alternatives can be prohibitively expensive and often not covered by insurance.

The Impact on Weight Loss Treatment

The ban, which includes drugs like semaglutide and trizepatide, means that compounding pharmacies can no longer offer these affordable alternatives. As a result, people who have seen significant success with weight loss using compounded GLP-1 medications are now facing difficult decisions—whether to pay high out-of-pocket costs for the brand-name versions or discontinue treatment.

For some, the brand-name versions can cost upwards of $1,500 a month, which is simply unaffordable. While Eli Lilly and Novo Nordisk, the manufacturers of these drugs, assure that they prioritize patient safety and will continue to meet demand, many patients are concerned that the prices will rise without competition from the compounded alternatives.

What’s Next for GLP-1 Medications?

The key question now is whether Eli Lilly and Novo Nordisk will be able to meet the demand for these weight loss medications at the current price points. If not, some patients may be left searching for alternative options outside of the U.S., which could expose them to unregulated or substandard products.

Experts like Dr. Mir Ali, a general surgeon and bariatric surgeon, highlight that while these medications are an important tool in the fight against obesity, access remains a critical concern. Health insurance coverage for weight loss drugs is still limited, and this new FDA rule may make it even harder for many to get the treatment they need.

How to Stay Informed and Access Treatment

If you’re concerned about the availability of GLP-1 medications, here are a few steps you can take:

1. Check with your healthcare provider: Your doctor may be able to offer alternative treatments, such as bariatric surgery, or suggest other weight management options.
2. Stay up-to-date on the latest FDA decisions: Regulations around compounded drugs are continually evolving, and it’s important to keep informed about changes that may affect your treatment.
3. Explore telehealth providers: Companies like Hims & Hers and Ro continue to offer compounded alternatives, ensuring ongoing access to GLP-1 medications for many patients.

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Breaking the Silence Around Perimenopause

In a recent interview, Banks discussed how perimenopause—the transitional phase before menopause—has affected her physically and emotionally. She emphasized the importance of open conversation, noting that too many women are left to navigate these changes alone.

Perimenopause typically begins in a woman’s 40s, though it can start earlier, and includes symptoms like hot flashes, mood swings, irregular periods, and sleep disturbances. According to the it can last several years and marks the gradual decline of reproductive hormones.

Advocating for Women’s Health

Banks is not just sharing her experience—she’s advocating for better education and support for women going through midlife transitions. She urges women to speak to healthcare providers and consider treatments such as hormone therapy or lifestyle adjustments when symptoms affect quality of life.

In her interview with , Banks noted how fitness, sleep hygiene, and a supportive community have been vital in helping her stay energized and focused.

Embracing Aging with Confidence

Rather than fearing aging, Elizabeth Banks is redefining it. She sees her 50s as a time for self-discovery, reinvention, and empowerment. She’s part of a growing group of celebrities, including Gwyneth Paltrow and Naomi Watts, who are using their platforms to demystify women’s health and normalize the aging process.

Her approach aligns with research from , which emphasizes that perimenopause is not the end of vitality—but a new chapter in overall well-being.

What Can Women Learn from Her Message?

Elizabeth Banks’ openness is a reminder that:

• Perimenopause is normal, and help is available
• You’re not alone—millions of women experience these changes
• Talking about symptoms and seeking care early is key
• Aging can be empowering, not limiting

Final Thoughts

Elizabeth Banks’ journey is about more than managing symptoms—it’s about owning her age, embracing change, and thriving on her terms. Through honesty and advocacy, she’s helping break long-standing taboos and encouraging women everywhere to feel confident, informed, and strong—at any age.

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There are many different types, including glucose, fructose, lactose, maltose and sucrose. Some of these sugars, such as glucose, fructose and lactose, occur naturally in fruits, vegetables and other foods. But many of the foods we consume contain “added” sugars – sugar that we add to a product ourselves to enhance the flavor or sugar that has been added to a product by a manufacturer.

The most common sources of added sugars include soft drinks, cakes, pies, chocolate, fruit drinks and desserts. Just a single can of cola can contain up to 7 tsps of added sugar, while an average-sized chocolate bar can contain up to 6 tsps.

It is added sugars that have been cited as a contributor to many health problems. In December 2014, MNT reported on a study in the journal Open Heart claiming added sugars may increase the risk of high blood pressure, even more so than sodium. And in February 2014, a study led by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) associated high added sugar intake with increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease (CVD).

A 2020 study published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition suggested that consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages increases weight gain in both children and adults, while a review paper from the World Health Organization (WHO) notes an increase in the consumption of such beverages correlates with the increase in obesity.

There are many different types, including glucose, fructose, lactose, maltose and sucrose. Some of these sugars, such as glucose, fructose and lactose, occur naturally in fruits, vegetables and other foods. But many of the foods we consume contain “added” sugars – sugar that we add to a product ourselves to enhance the flavor or sugar that has been added to a product by a manufacturer.

The most common sources of added sugars include soft drinks, cakes, pies, chocolate, fruit drinks and desserts. Just a single can of cola can contain up to 7 tsps of added sugar, while an average-sized chocolate bar can contain up to 6 tsps.

It is added sugars that have been cited as a contributor to many health problems. In December 2014, MNT reported on a study in the journal Open Heart claiming added sugars may increase the risk of high blood pressure, even more so than sodium. And in February 2014, a study led by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) associated high added sugar intake with increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease (CVD).

A 2020 study published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition suggested that consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages increases weight gain in both children and adults, while a review paper from the World Health Organization (WHO) notes an increase in the consumption of such beverages correlates with the increase in obesity.

There are many different types, including glucose, fructose, lactose, maltose and sucrose. Some of these sugars, such as glucose, fructose and lactose, occur naturally in fruits, vegetables and other foods. But many of the foods we consume contain “added” sugars – sugar that we add to a product ourselves to enhance the flavor or sugar that has been added to a product by a manufacturer.

The most common sources of added sugars include soft drinks, cakes, pies, chocolate, fruit drinks and desserts. Just a single can of cola can contain up to 7 tsps of added sugar, while an average-sized chocolate bar can contain up to 6 tsps.

It is added sugars that have been cited as a contributor to many health problems. In December 2014, MNT reported on a study in the journal Open Heart claiming added sugars may increase the risk of high blood pressure, even more so than sodium. And in February 2014, a study led by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) associated high added sugar intake with increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease (CVD).

A 2020 study published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition suggested that consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages increases weight gain in both children and adults, while a review paper from the World Health Organization (WHO) notes an increase in the consumption of such beverages correlates with the increase in obesity.

There are many different types, including glucose, fructose, lactose, maltose and sucrose. Some of these sugars, such as glucose, fructose and lactose, occur naturally in fruits, vegetables and other foods. But many of the foods we consume contain “added” sugars – sugar that we add to a product ourselves to enhance the flavor or sugar that has been added to a product by a manufacturer.

The most common sources of added sugars include soft drinks, cakes, pies, chocolate, fruit drinks and desserts. Just a single can of cola can contain up to 7 tsps of added sugar, while an average-sized chocolate bar can contain up to 6 tsps.

It is added sugars that have been cited as a contributor to many health problems. In December 2014, MNT reported on a study in the journal Open Heart claiming added sugars may increase the risk of high blood pressure, even more so than sodium. And in February 2014, a study led by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) associated high added sugar intake with increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease (CVD).

A 2020 study published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition suggested that consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages increases weight gain in both children and adults, while a review paper from the World Health Organization (WHO) notes an increase in the consumption of such beverages correlates with the increase in obesity.

There are many different types, including glucose, fructose, lactose, maltose and sucrose. Some of these sugars, such as glucose, fructose and lactose, occur naturally in fruits, vegetables and other foods. But many of the foods we consume contain “added” sugars – sugar that we add to a product ourselves to enhance the flavor or sugar that has been added to a product by a manufacturer.

The most common sources of added sugars include soft drinks, cakes, pies, chocolate, fruit drinks and desserts. Just a single can of cola can contain up to 7 tsps of added sugar, while an average-sized chocolate bar can contain up to 6 tsps.

It is added sugars that have been cited as a contributor to many health problems. In December 2014, MNT reported on a study in the journal Open Heart claiming added sugars may increase the risk of high blood pressure, even more so than sodium. And in February 2014, a study led by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) associated high added sugar intake with increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease (CVD).

A 2020 study published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition suggested that consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages increases weight gain in both children and adults, while a review paper from the World Health Organization (WHO) notes an increase in the consumption of such beverages correlates with the increase in obesity.